The cultures of Harappa and Mohenjo Daro
After one year of digging in Harappa in 1922, digging in Mohenjo-Daro started as well and a fact showed up that the both ancient cities were of same culture.
In the remains of both cities there is a weirdly same. Because
of the mud stealing, the development remains are pretty much damaged but Mohenjo-Daro
was luckily safe from these mud stealers. In fact the truth is that from the
discovery of Mohenjo-Daro the, the picture of the life of developed Harappa completed.
From 1986 to 1992, the American archeologists DR. J.F Dailes, Dr. Richard
Meadow, Dr. J.M Canoir and Dr. Rafiq Mughal dug those places. In the mound E
the big door of the southern city, the wide wall of the castle, and the remains
of the strong drains were discovered.
Defense Wall
From 2200 BCE to 1900 BCE.
In the north of graveyard H and in the south of mound E a long and wide mound almost 450 meters in north-south and 233 meters is present. The era of which is 2200 BCE to 1900 BCE. It is known as Mound AB. Here residence buildings for example remains of small rooms, signs of a very big wall and a double edged well was discovered about which scientists have found that to keep its advantage the intelligent people of Harappa used to make a second well inside a well (double edged).
Around it signs of some small rooms are found. Maybe they were bath rooms and barber shops where the people used to take showers, and drink the sweet water of the well when thirsty. The area of that double edged well was 7 feet 3 inches from outside and from inside it was 3 feet 9 inches. In Harappa around 8 wells were found but in Mohenjo-Daro, its opposite less wells are found. Near these dug areas were found signs of many houses. This is the other part of the castle. It is also known as castle mualli.
According
to some experts this mound is 40 feet high and is spread over 400 meters
north-south and 300 meters east-west. In some times, a city used to be there. In
that area mostly elite class people used to live. How much hose people were
following the concepts of health care, this thing can be determined that for
water drainage they had sewerage system. In there were found some covered drains
under land.
The mounds in Harappan Civilization
Dayaram Sahni and Madhosrop Watts dug there from 1921 to 1934. These signs show their art of construction that the strong walls of the buildings have a width of 5 foot. The size of the buildings was around 35 x 35. Experts think that the houses were double story and triple story which were well designed.
Well, from the defensive point of view the citizens of ancient Harappa made a strong wall so that they could be safe from the destruction of floods and attacks. In 1946, during the digging of the mound (western part) expert archeologist Sir Martmir wehiler discovered this wall for the first time. This wall, a deep trench is dug into the mound AB in the west where its signs are getting vanished and are almost like nothing. This was in fact the western main gate of the wall. In the west of the mound AB this wall is present which is 13 meter high and the bases are 45 foot wide.
The wall was made with bricks made of mud but outside the outside of wall is made of strong bricks which is around 4.7 foot wide. In the external wall after some distance were security check points. Some experts estimate that the area of it is 460x215 yards. In the years 1990-93, during the digging of Mound E the southern door of the wall and the signs of 13 meter wide signs were discovered.
Shrine of baba Noor Shah
In the North of Mound AB there’s a shrine of an unknown person. According the people the person whose shrine is that is a religious leader and his name is Baba Noor Shah. The length of the grave is 15 yards but normally baba Noor Shah is famous with the name of “9 yards”.
Mound F
This was located at exact north of Mound AB and from the river Ravi’s ancient passing way it was located in the south. It is around 30 foot high than the surface and is around 970 foot east-west and 780 foot north-south. Here, signs of many buildings are found. In the north of the western wall with the ancient passing way of River Ravi the worker’s platforms like circles, wells and the wheat storages are the most important parts of the ancient Harappa. Madhosrop watts dug here from 1926 to 1934 and American mission dud here in 1996.
Worker’s Platform
In a vast ground, with the same discipline and in the same shape there are 20 Worker’s Platforms. The radius of every platform is around 3.35 meters means from 10 to 11 foot. Two of those platform’s distance between them was 21 foot. Exact near the houses of the labors were strong circles made of brick in five rows. In the center was a hole. The experts have found some burned ‘grains’ of humus and wheat. Here from the year 1926 to 1934 Mr. Vats and in the year 1946 Mr. Wheeler and then in 2001 American Mission dug here.
The houses of Labors, servants and workers
In the south of those platforms signs of almost 15 small houses were found which were in two lines. In the northern line were seven and in the southern line were eight houses. Every house was around 19 meters long and 8 meters wide. And in the between of the houses was a 4 foot street. House of every worker or labor consisted of 3 rooms. Their signs are getting vanished almost. The experts think that these houses were of those labors and workers who used to work on those platforms or were of those workers who used to live in the near quarters who used to melt iron or copper etc. and then used to create important tools etc. The thing to be discussed is that with a particular discipline the rooms of the residential rooms were tilted in such way that while entering it kept the hiding.
Furnaces
Experts found some pear shaped 16 furnaces a little further from the quarters of the labors but now there are only signs of 1 furnace. The length of the kiln/furnace is 3 foot to 6 foot. From the appearance the thing is known that it is made up of different melted materials. From the yard of quarter no: 2 many jewelries of gold etc. It is possible that by melting different materials, jewelries were made. From there statues, utensils and stamps are found.
Continuing Cultural Influence
Even today, echoes of the Harappan and Mohenjo-Daro cultures persist subtly within South Asian life. The meticulous urban planning—marked by organized streets, drainage systems, and public granaries—demonstrates a legacy of civic consciousness and collective living. Many traditional crafts, including pottery styles and bead-making techniques, bear striking similarities to artifacts discovered in these ancient cities. Furthermore, the emphasis on peaceful trade, environmental harmony, and standardized systems suggests a society ahead of its time. These insights not only deepen our understanding of ancient civilizations but also inspire modern sustainable development practices. As archaeological technologies advance, we may yet uncover more about their language, beliefs, and daily life—further enriching the profound legacy of this extraordinary civilization.